Ability: The quality of having the means or skill to do something. Ability is not permanent, can fluctuate throughout one’s life, and is another aspect of diversity in our communities (see Community, Culture). Disabilities (see Disability) do not necessarily limit people unless society imposes assumptions that do not account for the variation in people’s abilities (see Social Identities, Oppression).⁷⁹ (see Ability/Disability-Related Terminology)
Ableism/Ableist: The pervasive system of discrimination (see Discrimination) and exclusion that oppresses (see Oppression) people who are differently abled (see Ability), including differences in mental, cognitive, emotional, and/or physical abilities, through attitudes, actions, or institutional policies (see Culture).⁷⁹
AFAB: (pronounced ā-fab) Acronym meaning Assigned Female at Birth. AFAB people may or may not identify as female some or all of the time. AFAB is a useful term for educating about issues that may happen to their bodies without connecting to womxnhood or femaleness (see Womxn).¹
Affirmed Gender: An individual’s true gender (see Gender), as opposed to their gender assigned at birth (see AFAB, AMAB). This term replaces terms like new gender or chosen gender, which imply that an individual chooses their gender.¹
Ageism: The pervasive system of prejudice and discrimination (see Discrimination, Stereotypes) that marginalizes people based on their age. This can be perpetuated through stereotypes of youthfulness versus life at an older age and through oppressive policies (see Oppression, Culture) that subordinate and exclude older folks (see Folx). Ageism can impact different age groups besides older folks, such as children who are stereotyped as being unable to make big decisions.⁷⁹
Agender: (pronounced ā-ˈjen-dər) Refers to a person who does not identify with or experience any gender (see Gender). Agender is different from nonbinary (see Nonbinary) because many nonbinary people do experience gender.¹
Allosexism: The pervasive system of discrimination (see Discrimination) and exclusion that oppresses (see Oppression) asexual people; built out of the assumption that everyone does and should experience sexual attraction (see Sexuality, Sexual Orientation).⁷⁹
Ally: A term relating generally to individuals who support marginalized groups. In the LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) community (see Community), this term is used to describe someone who is supportive of LGBTQIA+ individuals and the community, either personally or as an advocate. Allies include both heterosexual (see Heterosexual) and cisgender (see Cisgender) people who advocate for equality in partnership with LGBTQIA+ people, as well as people within the LGBTQIA+ community who advocate for others in the community. “Ally” is not an identity, and allyship (see Allyship) is an ongoing process of learning that includes action (see Social Justice, Cultural Humility).¹
Allyship: The action of working to end oppression through support of, and as an advocate with and for, a group other than one’s own (see Social Justice, Cultural Humility).⁷⁹
AMAB: (pronounced ā-mab) Acronym meaning Assigned Male at Birth. AMAB people may or may not identify as male some or all of the time. AMAB is a useful term for educating about issues that may happen to these bodies without connecting to manhood or maleness.¹
Androgynous: Having physical elements of both femininity and masculinity, whether expressed through sex (see Biological Sex), gender identity (see Gender Identity), gender expression (see Gender Expression), or sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation). Androgyne (pronounced an-druh-jain ) is another term for an androgynous individual.¹
Aromantic: Sometimes abbreviated as aro (pronounced ā-row), the term refers to an individual who does not experience romantic attraction. Aromantic people exist on a spectrum (see Spectrum) of romantic attraction and can use terms such as gray aromantic or grayromantic to describe their place within that spectrum. Aromantic people can experience sexual attraction.¹
Asexual: Sometimes abbreviated as ace, the term refers to an individual who does not experience sexual attraction. Each asexual person experiences relationships, attraction, and arousal differently. Asexuality is distinct from chosen behavior such as celibacy or sexual abstinence; asexuality is a sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation) that does not necessarily entail specific chosen behaviors. Asexual people exist on a spectrum (see Spectrum) of sexual attraction and can use terms such as gray asexual or gray ace to describe themselves.¹
Asking Others About Someone’s Identities, or Offering Information: Asking someone about another person’s identity is inappropriate. Ask yourself why you want to know. If you are concerned about using the correct pronouns, respectfully ask the person directly (see Personal gender Pronouns, Pronouns, Neopronouns, Assumed Pronouns).⁷⁹
Assigned Sex: The sex (see Biological Sex) assigned to an infant at birth based on the child’s visible sex organs, including genitalia and other physical characteristics (see AFAB, AMAB).¹
Assumed Gender: The gender (see Gender) assumed about an individual, based on their assigned sex (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB) as well as apparent societal gender markers and expectations, such as physical attributes and expressed characteristics (see Gender Expression). Examples of assuming a person’s gender include using pronouns (see Pronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Neopronouns) for a person before learning what pronouns they use, or calling a person a man or a womxn (see Womxn) without knowing their gender.¹
Assumed Pronouns/Using Wrong Pronouns: It is vital that we respect the names and pronouns that people use (see Pronouns, Neopronouns, Personal Gender Pronouns). It is impossible to know without asking. If you are not sure, try: “Hi, I use she/her they/them pronouns, may I ask what pronouns you use?”⁷⁹
Autism: A neurological variation encompassing a wide range of presentations and experiences. Common characteristics of autism include repetitive behavior and differences in social interaction, interpersonal relationships, and communication. For some people, their gender identity (See Gender Identity) is significantly tied to their identity as an autistic person.⁷⁹
BlaQ/BlaQueer: Folks of Black/African descent and/or from the African diaspora who recognize their queerness/LGBTQIA+ identity as a salient identity attached to their Blackness and vice versa (see Queer, LGBTQIA+, Culture, Community).⁷⁹
Bi-curious: A term used to identify a person who is interested in exploring their attraction to people of a variety of genders (see Gender). However, many view this term as offensive, as it implies that sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation) is something that must be explored sexually and romantically before it can be determined (see Heteroflexible). Additionally, many feel that this term invalidates bisexuality (see Bisexual) by implying that it is a questioning or exploratory phase, instead of a valid sexual orientation. Use this term only when self-identifying or when quoting someone who self-identifies as bi-curious.¹
*This term has been related to internalized oppression (see Biphobia, Internalized Oppression). Help us move away from terms like “transphobic,” “homophobic,” “biphobic” because (1) they inaccurately describe systems of oppression (see Oppression) as well as irrational fears, and (2) for some people, phobias are a very distressing part of their lived experience and co-opting this language is disrespectful to their experiences and perpetuates ableism (see Ableism).⁷⁹
Bigender: While gender (see Gender) is now widely understood to be a spectrum (see Spectrum) and not on a binary (see Binary), this is a term used to identify a person whose gender identity (see Gender Identity) encompasses two genders, (often man and womxn, but not exclusively) (see Womxn) or is moving between two genders. More commonly used terms include genderfluid (see Genderfluid) or genderqueer (see Genderqueer), which better reflect the spectrum of all genders.¹
Binary: Refers to someone who fits into the gender binary (see Gender Binary).¹
Binding: The process of tightly wrapping one’s chest in order to minimize the appearance of having breasts, often by using a binder. Note: One must bind themselves carefully, with appropriate materials, and for reasonable periods of time in order to avoid discomfort and potential negative health impacts. Unsafe binding can lead to negative health outcomes, such as broken ribs and trouble breathing.¹
BIPOC: Acronym for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. It acknowledges the specific histories of Black, Latinx, Asian Pacific Islanders (AAPI), and Native people within the United States without collapsing them into a homogenous category of people of color.¹
Bioessentialism: Short for biological essentialism. Reliance or weaponization of biology in an attempt to disprove trans people’s genders (see Gender, Transgender). Common bioessentialist arguments reduce people to their chromosomes (though there are more than 30 chromosome combinations that people have); their genitalia (though there are many natural variations); or their binary gender (though gender and sex are not binary) (see Gender Binary).¹
Biological Sex: Refers to anatomical, physiological, genetic, or physical attributes that determine if a person is male, female, or intersex (see Intersex, Intersex Variations). These include both primary and secondary sex (see AFAB, AMAB) characteristics, including genitalia, gonads, hormone levels, hormone receptors, chromosomes, and genes. Often also referred to as “sex,” “physical sex,” “anatomical sex,” or specifically as “sex assigned at birth.” Biological sex is often conflated or interchanged with gender (see Gender), which is more societal than biological, and involves personal identity factors.¹
Biphobia: Animosity, hatred, or dislike of bisexual people (see Bisexual) which may manifest in the form of prejudice or bias. Biphobia often stems from lack of knowledge about bisexual people and the issues they face, and can sometimes be alleviated with education and support. (see Homophobia, Transphobia, Heteronormativity).¹
*Help us move away from using words like “transphobic,” “homophobic,” and “biphobic” because (1) they inaccurately describe systems of oppression (see Oppression) as well as irrational fears, and (2) for some people, phobias are a very distressing part of their lived experience and co-opting this language is disrespectful to their experiences and perpetuates ableism (see Ableism).⁷⁹
Bisexual: Commonly referred to as bi or bi+. According to bi+ educator and advocate Robyn Ochs, the term refers to a person who acknowledges in themselves the potential to be attracted–romantically, emotionally and/or sexually–to people of more than one gender (see Gender), not necessarily at the same time, in the same way, or in the same degree. The “bi” in bisexual can refer to attraction to genders similar to and different from one’s own. People who identify as bisexual need not have had equal sexual or romantic experience—or equal levels of attraction—with people across genders, nor any experience at all; attraction and self-identification determines orientation.¹
“Bisexuality Doesn’t Really Exist”: This denies the fluidity of sexuality (see Sexuality) and dismisses people’s experiences and definitions of self. People deserve the right to define their own identities (see Social Identities) any way they wish and have those definitions honored.⁷⁹
Bitch: Targets and dehumanizes womxn (see Womxn), even if used toward men, including queer and gay men. Devalues womxn and femininity. Reinforces sexism (see Misogyny).⁷⁹
Body Image: How a person feels, acts, and thinks about their body. Attitudes about our own body and bodies in general are shaped by our communities (see Community), families, cultures (see Culture), media, and our own perceptions (see Social Identities, Internalized Oppression).⁷⁹
Body Policing: Any behavior which (indirectly or directly, intentionally or unintentionally) attempts to correct or control a person’s actions regarding their own physical body, frequently with regards to gender expression or size (see Gender Expression, Body Image, Sizeism, Social Identities, Oppression).⁷⁹
Bottom Surgery: Surgery performed on an individual’s reproductive system as a part of gender-affirming surgery. (See Gender, Gender-Affirming Surgery, Vaginal Construction/Vaginoplasty, Penile Construction/Phalloplasty) Not all trans (see Transgender) people undergo medical interventions as part of their transition (see Transition). As with any other aspect of transition, trans people retain the right to not discuss their surgical history. Surgery does not define gender and IS NOT A REQUIREMENT to be trans or a part of the LGBTQIA+ community (see LGBTQIA+, Community, Culture, Social Identities). People who identify as trans need not have had any transition related procedures completed, nor intentions to (see TERF, Truscum, Transmedicalism, Gatekeeping). Self-identification determines Gender Identity (see Gender Identity).¹
Breast Augmentation: Enlarging the breasts using breast implants.⁵
Butch: A person who is masculine of center in dress, attitude, and/or presentation. It is often, but not exclusively, used in a lesbian context (see Lesbian). Often on a spectrum (see Spectrum) from butch to femme (see Femme), or stud (see Stud) to femme.¹
Capitalism: An economic, political, and social system in which property, business, and industry are privately owned and directed towards making the greatest possible profits for successful organizations and people¹⁰; negatively impacts all marginalized communities (see Community, Culture, Colonialism, Cultural Humility, Oppression).Chest Masculinization: A bilateral mastectomy that removes most of the breast tissue, shapes a contoured male chest, and refines the nipples and areola.⁵
Chosen Family: Also known as Found Family, people who support an LGBTQIA+ person, who are not biologically related, and who often fill the role of the biological family if an LGBTQIA+ person’s family is not supportive of them.¹
Chosen Name: A chosen name is an individual’s name and differs from an individual’s dead/government/birth name. Someone’s name is an important component of their identity. Reasons for a chosen name include: individual’s legal name is inconsistent with gender identity; individual primarily uses their middle name instead of their first name; individuals who go by a nickname significantly different from their first name; etc.⁸⁰
Cissexism/Genderism: Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination (see Discrimination) on the basis of sex (see Biological Sex), specifically towards transgender (see Transgender) and gender-expansive people (see Gender-Expansive). It is the pervasive system of discrimination and exclusion founded on the belief that there are, and should be, only two genders and that one’s gender or most aspects of it, are inevitably tied to assigned sex (see Biological Sex). This system oppresses (see Oppression) people whose gender and/or gender expression (see Gender, Gender Expression) falls outside of cis-normative constructs. Within cissexism, cisgender people (see Cisgender) are the dominant group and trans/ gender non-conforming (see Gender Nonconforming) people are the oppressed group.⁷⁹ (see LGBTQIA+ Related Slurs and Terminology)
Colonialism: The belief in and support of the system [or ideology] of one counrty controlling another (see Community, Culture, Capitalism, Cultural Humility, Oppression).¹⁰
Community: A group of people who have similar interest or who want to achieve something together (see Culture, Social Identity).¹⁰
Cisgender (pronounced sis-gender): A term used to refer to an individual whose gender identity (see Gender Identity) aligns with the one associated with the sex assigned to them at birth (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB). The prefix cis- comes from the Latin word for “on the same side as.” People who are both cisgender and heterosexual (see Heterosexual) are sometimes referred to as cishet (pronounced “cis-het”) individuals. The term cisgender is not a slur (see Derogatory).¹
Cisnormativity: The assumption that everyone is cisgender (see Cisgender) and that being cisgender is superior to all other genders. This includes the often implicitly held idea that being cisgender is the norm and that other genders are “different” or “abnormal” (see Cissexism/Genderism).¹
Closeted: Describes a person who is not open about their sexual orientation or gender identity (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity). A closeted person may be referred to as being “in the closet.” There are many degrees to being out/closeted; closeted individuals may be out (see Out) to just themselves, close friends, or to their larger network, or not publically open about their status as LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people.¹
Colorism/Colourism: Prejudice or discrimination (see Discrimination, Stereotype) against individuals with a dark skin tone, typically among people of the same ethnic or racial group (see Oppression, Discrimination).¹⁸
Coming Out: For LGBTQIA+ many people (see LGBTQIA+), coming out is the process of self-identifying and self-acceptance that entails the sharing of their identity with others. Sometimes referred to as disclosing (see Disclosure). Individuals often recognize a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/gender-expansive, or queer (see Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Gender-Expansive, Queer) identity within themselves first, and then might choose to reveal it to others. There are many different degrees of being out, and coming out is a lifelong process (see Social Identities). Coming out can be an incredibly personal and transformative experience. It is critical to respect where each person is within their process of self-identification, and up to each person, individually, to decide if and when and to whom to come out or disclose (see Ally, Allyship).¹
Consent: Permission or agreement.¹⁰
Cross Dresser (CD): A word to describe a person who dresses, at least partially, as a member of a gender (see Gender) other than their assigned sex (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB); carries no implications of sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation). Has replaced “Transvestite.”⁷⁹
Cultural Humility: An approach to engagement across differences that acknowledges systems of oppression (see Oppression) and embodies the following key practices: (1) a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, (2) a desire to fix power imbalances where none ought to exist, and (3) aspiring to develop partnerships with people and groups who advocate for others on a systemic level.⁷⁹
Culture: A learned set of values, beliefs, customs, norms, and perceptions shared by a group of people that provide a general design for living and patterns for interpreting life. “Culture is those deep, common, unstated, learned experiences which members of a given culture share, which they communicate without knowing, and which form the backdrop against which all other events are judged (see Community, Cultural Humility, Social Identity).”⁷⁹
Culturally Queer (From the Queerspawn Resource Project): “Speaks to the feeling shared by many people with LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) parents that they grew up immersed in queer culture (see Queer Culture), including traditions, celebrations, media, and language. Queerspawn are often raised in the queer community (see Community, Social Identities) and learn about society primarily through a queer lens, and experience heterosexual (see Heterosexual) culture and its norms as a secondary cultural influence”.¹
Cunt/Twat/Pussy: Using words that refer to people with vaginas to express that someone is weak or emotional dehumanizes womxn (see Womxn) as well as perpetuates misogyny (see Misogyny) and sexism (see Sexism).⁷⁹
Deadnaming: Occurs when an individual, intentionally or not, refers to the name that a transgender or gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) individual used at a different time in their life. Avoid this practice, as it can cause trauma, stress, embarrassment, and even danger. Some may prefer the terms birth name, given name, government name, or old name.¹
“Difference of Sex Development” (DSD) or “Disorder”: common medical term for intersex traits (see Intersex, Intersex Variations). Many intersex people reject the term “DSD” because it supports the idea that their bodies are wrong, or up to doctors to “fix.” Advocates in the United States often bring up the fact that until 1973, being gay (see Gay) was considered a mental disorder. Many natural human differences have been framed as medical problems, until communities fought for acceptance.¹⁶
Demiromantic: Used to describe an individual who experiences romantic attraction only after forming an emotional connection.¹
Demisexual: Used to describe an individual who experiences sexual attraction only after forming an emotional connection.¹
Demiboy: A person whose gender identity (see Gender Identity) is only partly male, regardless of their assigned sex at birth (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB).¹
Demigirl: A person whose gender identity (see Gender Identity)is only partly female, regardless of their assigned sex at birth (see AFAB, AMAB).¹
Disclosure: A word that some people use to describe the act or process of revealing one’s transgender or gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) identity to another person in a specific instance. Some find the term offensive, implying the need to disclose something shameful, and prefer to use the term coming out (see Coming Out), whereas others find coming out offensive, and prefer to use disclosure.¹
Discrimination: Inequitable actions carried out by members of a dominant group or its representatives against members of a marginalized or minoritized group (see Internalized Oppression, Social Justice, Cultural Humility, Oppression).⁷⁹
Drag: The theatrical performance of one or multiple genders (often including makeup, costume, dance, lip-syncing, and temporary body modifications) (see Gender). Performers who present in a feminine manner are called Drag Queens, while performers who present in a masculine manner are called Drag Kings. These performances often push traditional boundaries of gender presentation (see Gender Expression), calling into question societally defined gender roles (see Gender Roles).¹
Derogatory: showing strong disapproval and not showing respect; expressing criticism or insult (see Oppression, Discrimination).¹⁰
Dyke: A queer womxn (see Womxn) or AFAB person (see AFAB). While some believe it to only describe masculine lesbians (see Lesbians), many bisexual (see Bisexual) and gender-expansive (see Gender Expansive) people also connect to this term. Traditionally a slur, the term has been reclaimed and only used to self identify or to refer to the way someone else has identified themselves (i.e. “she identifies as a dyke”).¹
Empathy: The ability to share someone else’s feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person’s situation (see Ally, Allyship, Cultural Humility, Social Justice).¹⁰
Ethnicity: A social construct that divides people into smaller social groups based on characteristics such as shared sense of group membership, values, behavioral patterns, language, political and economic interests, history and ancestral geographical base (see Community, Culture, Race, Social Identities).⁷⁹
Facial Feminization Surgery: May include reshaping the nose, and brow or forehead lift; reshaping of the chin, cheek and jaw; Adam’s apple reduction; lip augmentation; hairline restoration and earlobe reduction (see Gender Affirming Surgery).⁵
Facial Masculinization Surgery: May include forehead lengthening and augmentation; cheek augmentation, reshaping the nose and chin; jaw augmentation; thyroid cartilage enhancement to construct an Adam’s apple.⁵
Faggot/Fairy: Although that last execution of witches occurred in 1682, beliefs about magic and witchcraft were alive and well within English folkloric traditions into the 20th century. Those accused of witchcraft were generally those that didn’t fit the norms of the gender binary, including LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people and poor older womxn (see Womxn). The gender statistic for these witches varied from country to country. For example, in England and Germany most of the victims were women, whereas places like Iceland almost all were men. Much of the derogatory (see Derogatory) terminology about homosexual men (see Homosexual) in the English language evolved from early modern witch hunts. The term “faggot” came from the bundles of sticks that witches and other heretics were burned on. “Fairy” was initially another name for witch.⁸⁴
Femme: A person who is feminine of center in dress, attitude, and/or presentation. It is often, but not exclusively, used in a lesbian (see Lesbian) context. Often on a spectrum (see Spectrum) from butch (see Butch) to femme or stud (see Stud) to femme.¹
Folx: An alternative spelling to folks. The two words are pronounced the same way. Folx is viewed by some as a more inclusive version of the word folks, though both are gender-neutral ways of addressing a group of people. However, folx can be difficult for screen readers (people with visual disabilities) to read (see Disability, Specific Learning Disability).¹
FTM/F2M: An abbreviation of Female to Male; a transgender man (see Transgender, Transmasculine).¹
FTX/F2X, FTN/F2N: A genderqueer (see Genderqueer) or gender-expansive (see Gender-Expansive) person assigned female at birth (see AFAB, Biological Sex).¹
Gatekeeping: A broad term, not only used within the LGBTQIA+ community (see LGBTQIA+, Queer Community), which describes the process by which an individual decides who does or does not belong to a certain community, group, or identity. For example, a gay (see Gay) man telling a questioning man that he has to have sex with another man before he can call himself gay is an example of gatekeeping. Another example, pressure to transition in a particular way or “pass” (see Pass) in order to gain community support for one’s trans identity. Gatekeeping, which can come from inside or outside the LGBTQIA+ community, is painful and invalidating to the recipient in either instance.¹
Gay: A term used to describe people who are emotionally, romantically, and/or physically attracted to people of the same gender (see Gender) (e.g., gay man, gay people). In contemporary contexts, lesbian (see Lesbian) is often a preferred term for womxn (see Womxn), though many womxn use the term gay to describe themselves. People who are gay need not have had any sexual experience. Attraction and self-identification determines sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation), not the gender or sexual orientation of one’s partner. The term is not an umbrella term for LGBTQIA+ people (see LGBTQIA+), e.g. “the gay community,” (see Community) because it excludes other sexual orientations (see Sexual Orientation) and genders. Avoid using gay in a disparaging manner, e.g. “that’s so gay,” as a synonym for bad.¹
Gayby: A person with one or more LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) parent or caregiver. Typically, a term used for self-identification only.¹
Gender: Broadly, gender is a set of socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate (see Social Identities, Culture).¹
Gender-Affirming Surgery (GAS): Surgical procedures that can help people adjust their bodies to match their innate gender identity (see Gender Identity) more closely. Used interchangeably with gender affirmation, gender confirmation, and gender-confirming surgery. Not every transgender (see Transgender) person will desire or have resources for gender-affirming surgery. Use this term in place of the older term “sex change”. Also sometimes referred to as gender reassignment surgery, genital reconstruction surgery, sex-affirming surgery, or medical transition. (See Top Surgery, Bottom Surgery, Facial Surgery, Transition).¹
Gender Binary: The concept that there are only two genders (see Gender), male and female (see AFAB, AMAB), and that everyone must be one or the other has been disproven. “Gender binary” is often misused to assert that gender is biologically determined. This term also reinforces the idea that men and womxn (see Womxn) are opposites and have different roles in society (see Gender Roles).¹
Gender Dysphoria: The distress caused when a person’s assigned sex at birth (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB) and assumed gender (see Assumed Gender) is not the same as the one with which they identify. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the term “…is intended to better characterize the experiences of affected children, adolescents, and adults”.¹
Gender Euphoria: A euphoric feeling often experienced when one’s gender (see Gender) is recognized and respected by others, when one’s body aligns with one’s gender, or when one expresses themselves in accordance with their gender. Focusing on gender euphoria instead of gender dysphoria (see Gender Dysphoria) shifts focus towards the positive aspects of being transgender (see Transgender) or gender expansive (see Gender Expansive).¹
Gender Expansive: An umbrella term sometimes used to describe people who expand notions of gender expression (see Gender, Gender Expression) and identity beyond perceived or expected societal gender norms. Some gender-expansive individuals identify as a mix of genders, some identify more binarily as a man or a womxn (see Womxn), and some identify as no gender (see Agender). Gender-expansive people might feel that they exist among genders, as on a spectrum (see Spectrum), or beyond the notion of the man/womxn binary paradigm. Sometimes gender-expansive people use gender-neutral pronouns (see Gender-Neutral, Pronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Neopronouns), but people can exist as any gender while using any pronouns. They may or may not be comfortable with their bodies as they are, regardless of how they express their gender.¹
Gender Expression: The manner in which a person communicates about gender (see Gender) to others through external means such as clothing, appearance, or mannerisms. This communication may be conscious or subconscious and may or may not reflect their gender identity (see Gender Identity) or sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation). While most people’s understandings of gender expressions relate to masculinity and femininity, there are countless combinations that may incorporate both masculine and feminine expressions—or neither—through androgynous (see Androgynous) expressions. An individual’s gender expression does not automatically imply one’s gender identity. All people have gender expressions.¹
Genderfluid: Describes a person who does not consistently adhere to one fixed gender (see Gender) and who may move among genders.¹
Gender Identity: A person’s deeply held core sense of self in relation to gender (see Gender). Gender identity does not always correspond to biological sex (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB). People become aware of their gender identity at many different stages of life. Gender identity is a separate concept from sexuality (see Sexuality, Sexual Orientation) and gender expression (see Gender Expression).¹
Gender Neutral: Not gendered (see Gender). Can refer to language (including pronouns and salutations/title) (see Pronouns, Neopronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Gender-Neutral Salutations or Titles), spaces (i.e. bathrooms), or other aspects of society (i.e. colors or occupations). Gender neutral is not a term to describe people (see Gender Nonconforming). A person who experiences no gender may be agender (see Agender) or neutrois (see Neutrois).¹
Gender-Neutral Salutations or Titles: A salutation or title that does not specify the gender (see Gender) of the addressee in a formal communication or introduction. Also used for persons who do not identify as a binary gender (see Binary), addressing someone where the gender is unknown, or if the correspondence-sender is unsure of the gender of the person to whom the correspondence is being sent. Mx. (pronounced mix) and M. are the most commonly used gender-neutral salutations (e.g. “Dear Mx. Smith…” or “Hello M. Moore…:). Generally, M. is used when the gender is unknown, and Mx. is used when the person uses that prefix.¹
Gender Nonconforming (GNC): A term for those who do not follow gender stereotypes (see Gender, Stereotype). Often an umbrella for nonbinary genders (see Nonbinary, TGNC). Though fairly uncommon, some people view the term as derrogatory (see Derrogatory), so they may use other terms including gender expansive, differently gendered, gender creative, gender variant, genderqueer, nonbinary, agender (see Gender Expansive, Gender Variant, Genderqueer, Nonbinary, Agender), genderfluid (see Genderfluid), gender neutral (see Gender Neutral), bigender(see Bigender), androgynous (see Androgynous), or gender diverse. It is important to respect and use the terms people use for themselves, regardless of any prior associations or ideas about those terms.¹
Gender Outlaw: A person who refuses to be defined by conventional definitions of male and female (“Gender Outlaw” by Kate Bornstein).⁷⁹
Gender Performance Theory: Coined by Judith Butler, gender performance theory (see Gender) is the concept that people do not have inherent genders based on their biological sex (see Biological Sex). According to this theory, people continually perform their genders, instead of relying on their assigned sexes (see AFAB, AMAB) to determine their genders for them.¹
Genderqueer: Refers to individuals who blur preconceived boundaries of gender (see Gender) in relation to the gender binary (See Gender Binary); they can also reject commonly held ideas of static gender identities (see Gender Identity). Sometimes used as an umbrella term in much the same way that the term queer is used (see Queer), but only refers to gender, and thus only used when self-identifying or quoting someone who uses the term genderqueer for themselves.¹
Gender Roles: The strict set of societal beliefs that dictate the so-called acceptable behaviors for people of different genders (see Gender), usually binary (see Binary) in nature. Many people find these to be restrictive and harmful, as they reinforce the gender binary (see Gender Binary, Gender Socialization, Cissexism/Genderism).¹
Gender Socialization: A process that influences and teaches an individual how to behave as a man or a womxn (see Womxn), based on culturally defined gender roles (see Gender Roles, Cissexism/Genderism). Parents, teachers, peers, media, and faith traditions are some of the many agents of gender socialization (see Gender). Gender socialization looks very different across cultures (see Culture), both inside and outside of the U.S., and it is heavily impacted by other intersecting identities (see Intersectionality, Oppression).¹
Gender Unicorn: A commonly used model to explain various aspects of one’s identity, including assigned sex at birth (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB), gender identity (see Gender Identity), gender expression (see Gender Expression), physical attraction, and romantic attraction. The Gender Unicorn illustrates how, with the exception of assigned sex at birth, these different aspects of identity exist on spectrums (see Spectrum). The popular Genderbread Person was plagiarized from the Gender Unicorn. Both models are not comprehensive representations of identities since these are complex topics.⁷⁹
Gender Variant: A term often used by the medical community to describe individuals who dress, behave, or express themselves in a way that does not conform to dominant gender norms (see Gender, Gender Expansive, Gender Expression). People outside the medical community tend to avoid this term because it suggests that these identities are abnormal, preferring terms such as gender expansive.¹
Generational Trauma/Intergenerational Trauma: Acknowledges that exposure to extremely adverse events can impact individuals to such a great extent that their offspring may find themselves negatively impacted from their parents’ post‐traumatic state. It is also said that the experience of trauma – or more accurately the effect of that experience – can be “passed” somehow from one generation to the next, both biologically (i.e. DNA function or gene transcription) as well as environmentally (i.e. increased risk of parent substance abuse, depression, etc.).⁸³
Ghetto/Ratchet: Describes something or someone as cheap, worn out, poor, dangerous, etc. Reference to housing communities that are impoverished and disproportionately impact people of color; associates people of color with these negative characteristics (see BIPOC).⁷⁹
Hate Crime: A crime, typically one involving violence, that is motivated by prejudice on the basis of ethnicity (see Ethnicity, Race), religion (see Spirituality), sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation), or similar grounds (see Ally, Allyship, Cultural Humility, Empathy, Oppression, Social Justice).¹⁸
“Have you had surgery?”: Asking anyone personal questions about their bodies and/or surgeries is invasive and inappropriate (see Gender Affirming Surgery, Truscum). We don’t ask cisgender people (see Cisgender) about what is under their clothes; don’t ask Trans* people either (see Transgender).⁷⁹
“He-She”: This hyphenated term is demeaning and invalidates an individual’s identity and the pronouns (see Pronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Neopronouns) that they use.⁷⁹
Hermaphrodite: An offensive term for someone who is intersex (see Intersex, Intersex Variations). The term has valid uses within academic circles relating to the study of non-human animals and plants, but offensive when describing humans.¹
Heteroflexible: A straight person who is most often attracted to people of a different gender (see Gender) from themselves, but sometimes experiences attraction to people of the same gender as them. It is distinct from bisexuality (see Bisexual). The term can have negative connotations of experimentation or indecision (see Bi-curious).¹
Heteronormativity: The assumption that everyone is heterosexual (see Heterosexual) and that heterosexuality is superior to all other sexualities. This includes the often implicitly held idea that heterosexuality is the norm and that other sexualities are “different” or “abnormal”.¹
Heterosexual: Refers to a person who is emotionally, romantically, and/or physically attracted to a person of a different gender (see Gender). Also referred to as straight or het.¹
Homo: Stresses the speaker’s heterosexuality (see Heterosexuality), masculinity, and/or other traits to avoid being perceived as LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+). Goes to great lengths to avoid association with anything queer. Reinforces that to be LGBTQIA+ is bad.⁷⁹
Homoflexible: A gay person (see Gay) who is most often attracted to people of the same gender (see Gender) as themselves, but sometimes experience attraction to people of other genders or engage in sexual behavior with people of different genders from their own. It is distinct from bisexuality (see Bisexual).¹
Homophobia: Animosity, hatred, or dislike of LGBTQIA+ people that often manifests itself in the form of prejudice and bias. Homophobia often stems from lack of knowledge about LGBTQIA+ people, the issues we face, and can sometimes be alleviated with education and support. Using this term frequently prevents educational dialogue. Related to biphobia (see Biphobia) and transphobia (see Transphobia) (see Heteronormativity, Cissexism).¹
*Help us move away from using words like “transphobic,” “homophobic,” and “biphobic” because (1) they inaccurately describe systems of oppression (see Oppression) as well as irrational fears, and (2) for some people, phobias are a very distressing part of their lived experience and co-opting this language is disrespectful to their experiences and perpetuates ableism (see Ableism).⁷⁹
Homosexual: A term to describe gay, lesbian, or queer (see Gay, Lesbian, Queer) people which may be offensive depending on the speaker. Originally used as a scientific or clinical term to describe LGBTQIA+ people (seeLGBTQIA+), the word has been reclaimed by the LGBTQIA+ community (see Community, Social Identities) and may be colloquially used by an LGBTQIA+ person to reference themselves or another member of the community. Non-LGBTQIA+ people using this term is harmful (see Derogatory).¹
Hopefulness/”Hope Fullness”: The feeling or state of feeling hope.¹⁰
Hormone Blockers: Also referred to as puberty blockers. Medical treatment which allows young trans and gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) people to prevent going through a puberty that does not match their gender identity (see Gender Identity).¹
House-Ballroom Community: The underground subculture (see Culture) consisting of mainly Black and Latinx members of the LGBTQIA+ community (see Community, Social Identity) who “walk” to earn recognition and awards within their community. “Houses” are chosen families that individuals compete with and often live with (see Chosen Family). These categories represent the barriers that Queer (see Queer) and Trans (see Transgender) People of Color (QTPOC) face in accessing formal employment, housing, and public services (see Accessible).¹
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Treatment which allows trans and gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) people to medically transition or feel more at home in their bodies (see Gender-Affirming Surgery, Transition). Those taking testosterone (masculinizing hormones) may grow more facial/body hair and notice their voices deepening. Those taking estrogen (feminizing hormones) may see some breast growth and decreased libido. Many intersex (see Intersex, Intersex Variations) people take HRT to balance the naturally occurring levels of estrogen and testosterone in their bodies.¹ Speak to a medical provider about potential benefits and risks.
Hyperfemininity: Term for the exaggeration of stereotypically female behavior, based on so-called gender roles (see Gender Roles).¹
Hypermasculinity: Term for the exaggeration of stereotypically male behavior, based on so-called gender roles (see Gender Roles).¹
Internalized Oppression: The fear and self-hate of one or more of a person’s own identities that occurs for many individuals who have learned negative ideas about their identities throughout childhood (see Cultural Identities). One form of internalized oppression (see Oppression, Discrimination) is the acceptance of the myths and stereotypes (see Stereotype) applied to the oppressed group.⁷⁹
Intersectionality: Coined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, this term refers to the overlap of social categorizations or identities such as race and ethnicity (see Race, Ethnicity), sexuality (see Sexuality, Sexual Orientation), gender (see Gender), disability (see Disability), geography, adoptee identity (see Adoptee), and class (see Socioeconomic Class) which exist in an individual or group of people (see Community, Culture) that can contribute to discrimination or disadvantage (see Discrimination, Oppression).¹
Intersex: Intersex (see Intersex Variations) is the current term used to refer to people who are biologically between the medically expected definitions of male and female. This can be through variations in hormones, chromosomes, internal or external genitalia, or any combination of any or all primary and/or secondary sex characteristics. While many intersex people are noticed as intersex at birth, many are not. Intersex is about biological sex (see Biological Sex) and distinct from gender identity or sexual orientation (see Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation). An intersex person can be of any gender identity and can also be of any sexual and/or romantic orientation. The Intersex Society of North America opposes the practice of genital mutilation on infants and children who are intersex. Formerly, the medical terms hermaphrodite (see Hermaphrodite) and pseudohermaphrodite were used. These terms are now considered neither acceptable nor scientifically accurate.¹
Intersex Variations: Encompasses a diverse set of congenital differences relating to gonads, chromosomes, and genitals that fall outside typical binary (see Binary) notions of male and female sex (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB). These may be identified in utero, at birth, in childhood, or in adulthood, and some may remain undiagnosed. It is challenging to estimate the prevalence of intersex conditions as no existing population studies include questions about intersex diagnoses, experts disagree on what conditions fall under the intersex category, and feelings of shame and stigma may limit disclosure (see Disclosure) by individuals.¹⁵ It is estimated that roughly 1.7% of people are born intersex, meaning approximately 1 in 2,000 babies (0.05% of humans) are born with genital differences that a doctor might suggest changing with unnecessary surgery. These estimates are based on work done by Dr. Ane Fausto-Sterling, who reviewed medical literature from 1955-1998. (Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality, 2000).¹⁶
Kinsey Scale: A scale developed in the 1940s by Alfred Kinsey which places an individual’s sexual orientation on a spectrum (see Sexual Orientation, Spectrum) from 0 (exclusively heterosexual; see Heterosexual) to 6 (exclusivley homosexual; see Homosexual). The scale included the measurement “X” which indicated an absence of sexual behavior. The scale was an early recognition of fluid sexual orientation and was credited with challenging the heterosexual/homosexual binary (see Heterosexual, Homosexual, Binary).¹
Latinx (Pronounced Latin-ex or la-TEEN-ex) An inclusive, gender-neutral term–sometimes used in place of the gendered (see Gender), binary (see Binary) terms Latino or Latina–used to describe a person of Latin-American origin or descent. While many in the progressive space use this term, 2019 Pew research shows that, while one-in-four U.S. Hispanics have heard the term, only 23% of U.S. adults who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino have heard the term, and just 3% say they use it to describe themselves.¹
Lesbian: Refers to a womxn (see Womxn) who is emotionally, romantically, and/or physically attracted to other womxn. People who are lesbians need not have had any sexual experience. Attraction and self-identification determines orientation, not the gender (see Gender) or sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation) of one’s partner.¹
LGBTQIA+: An acronym that collectively refers to individuals who are lesbian (see Lesbian), gay (see Gay), bisexual (see Bisexual), transgender (see Transgender), or queer (see Queer), sometimes stated as LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) or, historically, GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender). The addition of the “Q” for queer is a more recently preferred version of the acronym as cultural opinions of the term queer focus increasingly on its positive, reclaimed definition. The “Q” can also stand for questioning, referring to those who are still exploring their own sexuality and/or gender (see Gender). The “I” represents intersex individuals (see Intersex, Intersex Variations). The “A” can stand for either Asexual (see Asexual or Ally. The “+” represents those who are part of the community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities), but for whom LGBTQIA does not accurately capture or reflect their identity.¹
Lifestyle: A previously used and offensive term used to describe LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people’s sexual orientation and gender expression/identity as a “choice” (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression, Gender Identity).¹
Lived Experience: To value the personal experiences of individuals as much as quantitative data. For example, believing narratives of discrimination against LGBTQIA+ (see Discrimination LGBTQIA+, Oppression) people persisting even if they counter larger narratives of acceptance. The concept of lived experience as a criterion on meaning was coined by Patricia Hill Collins.¹
Masculine of Center (MOC): A term coined by B. Cole of the Brown Boi Project to describe folks, including lesbian/queer (see Lesbian, Queer) womxn and trans (see Womx, Transgender) folks, who lean towards the masculine side of the gender spectrum (see Spectrum). These can include a wide range of identities such as butch, stud, aggressive/AG, dom, macha, tomboi, trans-masculine (see Butch, Stud, Transmasculine), etc.⁷⁹
Metoidioplasty (pronounced meto-idio-plasty): A surgical procedure that works with existing genital tissue to form a phallus, or new penis. It can be performed on anyone with significant clitoral growth caused by using testosterone (see Gender-Affirming Surgery-GAS, Hormone Replacement Therapy).⁵
Microaggressions: Brief and subtle behaviors, whether intentional or not, that communicate hostile, derogatory (see Derogatory), or negative messages of commonly oppressed identities (see Oppression, Social Identities). These actions cause harm through the invalidation of the target person’s identity and may reinforce stereotypes (see Stereotype). Examples of microaggressions include a person who is not white being told they speak “good English” or someone saying something is “gay” to mean they think something is bad.⁷⁹
Misgender: To refer to someone using a word, especially a pronoun (see Pronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Neopronouns, Mispronoun) or form of address (i.e. sir, maam, etc.), which does not correctly reflect their gender (see Gender). This may be unintentional and without ill intent or can be a maliciously employed expression of bias. Regardless of intent, misgendering has a harmful impact.¹
Misogynoir (pronounce mi- soj- uh-nwar): A term coined by queer (see Queer) Black feminist Moya Bailey to describe misogyny (see Misogyny) directed towards Black womxn (see Womxn) where race (see Race, Ethnicity) and gender (see Gender) both play roles in bias.¹
Mispronoun: Similar to misgendering (see Misgender), mispronouning is to refer to a person with the incorrect pronouns (see Pronouns, Neopronouns, Assumed Pronouns)). This term is less common than misgendering, as pronouns are often an important aspect of people’s genders (see Gender). This may be unintentional and without ill intent, or can be a maliciously employed expression of bias. Regardless of intent, mispronouning has a harmful impact.¹
MLM (Men Loving Men) Refers to gay (see Gay), bisexual (see Bisexual), pansexual (see Pansexual) or otherwise same-gender loving men (see Gender, Homosexual). Used most commonly within the Black community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities), the term is more often written than used in conversation.¹
Monogamous: A term referring to individuals who are intimate or involved romantically with one person at a time.¹
Monolith: Refers to a large single upright block of stone, formally, and a group or organization with unified and unchanging attributes, informally. In context, the term monolith is used to show that “[group of people] are not a monolith.” It means that members of a group have varying experiences, and the voice of one member of the group does not represent the experiences of all members of that group (see Community, Culture, Social Identities).¹
Monosexism: The opinion that being attracted to one gender (see Gender) is superior to being attracted to multiple genders (see Cissexism/Genderism, Heteronormativity).¹
Monosexual: People who only experience attraction to one gender (see Gender). Examples of monosexual groups include gay men, lesbians, and straight people.¹ (see Gay, Lesbian, Heterosexual)
Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): Reports on STIs and public health commonly use this term, although those who identify as MSM might or might not identify as members of the LGBTQIA+ community (see LGBTQIA+, Community, Culture, Social Identities). This designation often allows discrimination (see Discrimination, Oppression) against GBTQ+ men, such as blood donation.¹ The American Red Cross, for example, has specific restrictions as to if/when MSM identifying individuals can donate blood. No similar restrictions apply to other populations, such as heterosexual individuals (see Heterosexual) and womxn (see Womxn) who have sex with womxn (see WSW).¹⁷
MTF/M2F: A trans womxn/trans feminine (see Womxn, Transgender, Transfeminine) person assigned male at birth (see Biological Sex, AMAB).¹
MTX/M2X, MTN/M2X: A genderqueer or gender-expansive (see Genderqueer, Gender-Expansive) person assigned male at birth (see Biological Sex, AMAB).¹
Misogyny: Dislike of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against womxn (see Womxn, Oppression); Mid 17th century from Greek misos ‘hatred’ + gunē ‘woman’.¹⁸
Multisexual: An umbrella term to describe attraction to more than one gender (see Gender). It can include sexual attractions (see Sexual Orientation) like bisexual (see Bisexual), polysexual, omnisexual, and others. The aforementioned terms are used by some interchangeably and for others the subtle differences among them are important.⁷⁹
Nibling: A gender-neutral term for niece/nephew.¹
Neopronouns: Neopronouns are a category of new (neo) pronouns that are increasingly used in place of “she,” “he,” or “they” when referring to a person (see Pronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Mispronoun). Some examples include: xe/xem/xyr, ze/hir/hirs, and ey/em/eir. Neopronouns can be used by anyone, though most often they are used by transgender, non-binary, and/or gender nonconforming people (see Transgender, Nonbinanry, Gender Nonconforming).⁸⁷
Nonbinary: Refers to people who do not subscribe to the gender binary (see Gender Binary). They might exist between or beyond the man-womxn binary (see Binary, Womxn, Spectrum). Some use the term exclusively, while others may use it interchangeably with terms like genderqueer (see Genderqueer), genderfluid (see Genderfluid), gender nonconforming (see Gender Nonconforming), gender diverse, or gender expansive (see Gender Expansive). It can also be combined with other descriptors e.g. nonbinary womxn or transmasc nonbinary (sse Transmasculine, Nonbinary). Language is imperfect, so it’s important to trust and respect the words that nonbinary people use to describe their genders (see Gender) and experiences. Nonbinary people may understand their identity as falling under the transgender (see Transgender) umbrella, and may be transgender as well. Sometimes abbreviated as NB or Enby, the term NB has historically been used to mean non-Black. It is generally best to avoid referring to non-binary people as NB.¹
Neutrois: A non-binary gender identity that falls under the genderqueer or transgender umbrellas (see Genderqueer, Transgender). There is no one definition of Neutrois, since each person that self-identifies as such experiences their gender differently. The most common ones are: Neutral-gender, Null-gender, Neither male nor female, Genderless and/or Agender (see Agender).⁷⁹
Omnigender: Possessing all genders (see Gender). The term is used specifically to refute the concept of only two genders (see Binary).⁷⁹
Opposite Sex: Inaccurate descriptor of gender (see Gender), implying that there are only two genders that oppose one another. Also an inaccurate descriptor of sex, as biological sexes (see Biological Sex) are also not opposites (see Intersex). Better terms include different gender or AMAB/AFAB (see AMAB and AFAB), depending on context.¹
Oppression: Exists when one social group, whether knowingly or unconsciously, exploits another social group for its own benefit (see Ally, Allyship, Capitalism, Colonialism, Cultural Humility, Empathy, Social Justice).⁷⁹
Out: A term which describes people who openly self-identify as LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) in their private, public, and/or professional lives. There are many states of being out; individuals can be out only to themselves, close friends, or everyone. Some transgender (see Transgender) people prefer to use the term disclose (see Disclosure).¹
Outing: The deliberate or accidental sharing of another person’s sexual orientation or gender identity (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity) without their explicit consent (see Consent). Outing is disrespectful and presents a danger for many LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) individuals.¹
Pass/Passing: With sexuality, the act of presenting as straight. With gender (see Gender), the act of presenting as cisgender or gender-typical (see Cisgender), which is generally accomplished through conforming to gender roles (see Gender Roles). People may try to pass in anti-LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) environments to ensure their safety. People who pass as straight or cis have the choice to either talk about their LGBTQIA+ experience or to “fit in” to a cis- and hetero-normative world. Passing is not required for LGBTQIA+ people to deserve respect and love (see Gatekeeping, Truscum, Transmedicalism).¹
Pansexual: Refers to a person whose emotional, romantic and/or physical attraction is to people inclusive of all genders (see Gender). People who are pansexual need not have had any sexual experience; it is the attraction and self-identification that determine the orientation.¹
Penile Construction, Phalloplasty (pronounced fal-ō-ˌplas-tē): The construction of a penis generally includes several procedures that are often performed in tandem. They may include the following: a hysterectomy to remove the uterus, an oophorectomy to remove the ovaries, a vaginectomy to remove the vagina, a phalloplasty to turn a flap of donor skin into a phallus, a scrotectomy to turn the labia majora into a scrotum, a urethroplasty to lengthen and hook up the urethra inside the new phallus, a glansplasty to sculpt the appearance of an uncircumcised penis tip, and a penile implant to allow for erection.⁵ (see Gender-Affirming Surgery-GAS)
Performative Activism: What qualifies an act as performative activism varies depending on who you ask, but the generally accepted definition is “activism that is done to increase one’s social capital rather than because of one’s devotion to a cause.”⁸⁵
Personal Gender Pronouns (PGP): The pronouns a person chooses to use for themself.⁸¹
“People are Either Gay or Straight”: This denies the fluidity of sexuality (see Sexuality) and dismisses people’s experiences and definitions of self. People deserve the right to define their own identities any way they wish and have those definitions honored (see Assumed Pronouns, Mispronoun, Neopronouns).⁷⁹
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): This is an emergency prescription antiretroviral medication to be taken within 72 hours of possible exposure to HIV. Possible exposure includes during sex, sharing needles to inject drugs, or following sexual assault. Though PEP is highly effective in preventing HIV, it is not meant be taken in place of other HIV prevention measures, such as taking PrEP (see PrEP) and practicing safe sex.¹
Polyamorous: A term used to describe people who have the desire for multiple consenting intimate relationships at the same time. Also referred to as “ethically non-monogamous,” “polya” or “polyam;” there is a movement away from shortening polyamorous to “poly” since poly already means Polynesian. Consent (see Consent) and transparency are key components of polyamorous relationships.¹
Polygender, Pangender: Exhibiting characteristics of multiple genders (see Gender), deliberately refuting the concept of only two genders (see Binary).⁷⁹
Positive: Shorthand for being HIV+. In context, “I’m positive” is a disclosure of a person’s HIV status. It is never appropriate to share a person’s HIV status without their explicit consent (see Consent). Refrain from discussing a person’s HIV status unless they bring up the topic.¹
Pre-, Post-, or Non-Operative (or -Op): The terms used to describe the surgery status of a transgender person (see Transgender, Transition). Pre-Op means that a person has not had gender-affirming surgery (See Gender, Gender-Affirming Surgery) and may or may not plan to. Post-Op means that an individual has had gender-affirming surgery. Non-Op means that a person does not plan to have gender-affirming surgery. The choice to have gender-affirming surgery is highly personal and does not affect the validity of a person’s gender identity (see Gender Identity). Refrain from discussing a trans person’s surgical history or future unless they bring up the topic.¹
Preference: A preference is a specific set of desires people have in romantic, emotional and/or sexual partners. People’s sexual orientations (see Sexual Orientation) are not preferences, but they can have preferences (e.g. having a “type”) in the people they become involved with. Preferences can be logistical (e.g. lives within a certain distance, not looking for a relationship) and interest based (e.g. likes to stay in, enjoys long walks on the beach). They can also be influenced by personal and systemic prejudices (e.g. not considering people whose gender expressions do not conform to conventional standards of that gender) (see Gender Expression, Gender), people whose bodies are not conventionally attractive (see Body Image, Body Policing, Ugly) or people with other marginalized identities. It is important to examine your preferences in order to make sure they are not reproducing inequalities (see Oppression).¹
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A prescription medication for those at higher risk of HIV that prevent transmission through sex or injection drug use. Though PrEP is highly effective in preventing HIV, it is not meant to be taken in place of other HIV prevention measures, such as practicing safe sex and not sharing drug-related injection equipment.¹
Pronouns: The words used to refer to a person other than their name. Common pronouns are they/them, he/him, and she/her. Neopronouns are pronouns created to be specifically gender-neutral (see Neopronouns, Assumed Pronouns). Pronouns are sometimes called Personal Gender Pronouns, or PGPs (see Gender, Pronouns). For those who use pronouns–and not all people do–they are not preferred, they are essential.¹
PTP: Acronym for Person with a Transgender Parent (see Transgender, Transpawn)¹
QTPOC: Acronym for Queer (see Queer) and Trans (see Transgender) People of Color (see BIPOC). This term emphasizes the intersections of race (see Intersectionality, Race, Ethnicity, Oppression), gender (see Gender), and sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation).¹
Queer: A term used by some LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people to describe themselves and/or their community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities). Reclaimed from its earlier negative use—and valued by some for its defiance—the term is also considered by some to be inclusive of the entire community, and by others who find it to be an appropriate term to describe their more fluid identities. Traditionally a negative or pejorative term for people who are LGBTQIA+, some people within the community dislike the term. Due to its varying meanings. Use this word only when self-identifying or quoting someone who self-identifies as queer.¹
Queerbaiting: A marketing technique in which media creators or executives allude to the presence of LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) characters or relationships within their content, but fail to include actual representation so as not to lose non-LGBTQIA+ viewers.¹
Queerspawn: A person with one or more LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) parent or caregiver. Typically a term used for self-identification.¹
Questioning: Describes those who are in a process of discovery and exploration about their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression), or a combination thereof. Questioning people can be of any age, so for many reasons, this may happen later in life. Questioning is a profoundly important process, and one that does not imply that someone is choosing to be lesbian (see Lesbian), gay (see Gay), bisexual (see Bisexual), transgender (see Transgender), and/or queer (see Queer).¹
Race: A social construct that divides people into distinct groups based on characteristics such as physical appearance, ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, cultural history, ethnic classification, based on the social, economic, and political context of a society at a given period of time (see Culture, Ethnicity, Racism).⁷⁹
Racism: The systematic subordination of people from marginalized racial groups based on their physical appearance, ethnic or ancestral history, or cultural affiliation (see Ethnicity, Culture, Social Identities). Racism is considered a deeply pervasive, systemic issue perpetuated by members of the privileged racial group holding dominant social power over others. Discrimination (see Discrimination), prejudice, or xenophobia may be more accurate terms for describing individual acts of oppression (see Oppression). While these individual acts likely stem from systemic racism, at the individual level the power dynamics that enable racism are not at play in the same way (see Empathy, Cultural Humility, Social Justice).⁷⁹
Retarded/Lame/Crazy/Dumb: Targets mental, emotional and physical disabilities (see Disabilities) as objects for ridicule. Used as synonyms for “worthless,” “bad,” “unintelligent,” “incapable,” etc. (see Derogatory, Oppression)⁷⁹
Romantic Orientation: Attraction or non-attraction to other people characterized by the expression or non-expression of love. Romantic orientation can be fluid and people use a variety of labels to describe their romantic orientation (see Spectrum).⁷⁹
Same-Gender Loving (SGL): A term coined by Cleo Manago, and sometimes used by some members of the Black community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities) or people of African descent, to express sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation) without relying on terms and symbols of European descent.¹
Sapphic: Drawn from the Greek lesbian (see Lesbian) poet Sappho’s name, a term used to refer to lesbian, bisexual (see Bisexual), pansexual, or otherwise same-gender loving (see SGL) womxn (see Womxn).¹
Self-efficacy: A person’s belief that they can be successful when carrying out a particular task.¹⁰
Sex Worker: Abbreviated as SWer. A person who engages in sexual activity for payment. Often considered a more respectful term than prostitute or hooker. SWERF is an acronym for Sex Worker Exclusionary Radical Feminist (pronounced “swurf”). SWERFs exclude sex workers from feminist organizations with the belief that sex work is not work.¹
Sexism: Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination (see Discrimination, Oppression), typically against womxn (see Womxn), on the basis of sex (see Biological Sex).¹⁸
Sexual Orientation: Emotional, romantic, or sexual (see Sexuality) feelings toward other people or no people (see Asexual). While sexual activity involves the choices one makes regarding behavior, one’s sexual activity does not define one’s sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation). Sexual orientation is part of the human condition, and all people have one. Typically, it is attraction that helps determine orientation.¹
Sexuality: The components of a person that include their biological sex (see Biological Sex), sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation), gender identity (see Gender Identity), sexual practices, etc.⁷⁹
SGM: Acronym for Sexual and Gender (see Gender) Minority.¹⁵
Sizeism: The pervasive system of discrimination (see Discrimination) and exclusion that oppresses (see Oppression) people who have bodies that society has labeled as “overweight,” as well as people of short stature. Historically speaking, larger bodies have been labeled as unhealthy, undesirable, and lazy (see Stereotypes, Body Image, Internalized Oppression, Social Identities) ; this fails to address the complicated narratives around health and healthy living.⁷⁹
Social Construction Theory: The idea that many of the institutions, expectations, and identities that we consider natural have been created and shaped by societies and people who came before us. Things that are socially constructed still have very real influences and consequences, even if they are not based on an inherent truth. Social constructs can be reconstructed in order to better fit the society and culture they govern (see Culture).¹
Social Identities: Social identity groups are based on the physical, social, and mental characteristics of individuals. They are sometimes obvious and clear, sometimes not obvious and unclear, often self-claimed and frequently ascribed by others (see Stereotypes, Internalized Oppression, Microaggression).⁷⁹
Social Justice: A goal and a process in which the distribution of resources is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secure. Begins with an acknowledgement that oppression (see Oppression, Empathy) and inequity exist and must be actively dismantled on all levels (see Ally, Allyship, Cultural Humility).⁷⁹
Socioeconomic Class: Social group membership based on a combination of factors including income, education level, occupation, and social status in the community (i.e. contacts within the community, group associations, and the community’s perception of the family or individual) (see Culture, Community, Stereotypes, Oppression).⁷⁹
SOGI: Acronym for Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity). It is typically used as a shorthand in writing and is rarely pronounced out loud.¹
Spectrum: A range or sliding scale. Aspects of one’s identity like sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression (see Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression) exist on a spectrum. For example, with sexual orientation, the attraction to men, womxn (see Womxn), or someone of another gender all exist on separate spectrums. Someone might feel a little attracted to men, very much attracted to womxn, and moderate attraction to people outside this binary. Please also see the Gender Unicorn (see Gender Unicorn) to learn more about these aspects of identity.⁷⁹
Spirituality: Having to do with deep feelings and convictions, including a person’s sense of peace, purpose, connection to others, and understanding of the meaning and value of life; may or may not be associated with a particular set of beliefs or practices.⁷⁹
Stealth: A term used to describe transgender or gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) individuals who do not disclose their gender identity (see Gender Identity) in their public or private lives (or certain aspects of their public and private lives). For example, a person might go stealth in a job interview. Increasingly considered offensive by some, as to them it implies an element of deception. Some use the phrase maintaining privacy instead, while others use both terms interchangeably. Additionally, passing (see Passing) is an alternative term which, for some, has fewer negative connotations.¹
Stereotype: A generalization applied to every person in a cultural group; a fixed conception of a group without allowing for individuality. When we believe our stereotypes, we tend to ignore characteristics that don’t conform to our stereotype, rationalize what we see to fit our stereotype, see those who do not conform as “exceptions,” and find ways to create the expected characteristics (see Culture, Community, Social Identities, Oppression).⁷⁹
Stud: A term for Black lesbians who take on a more butch (see Lesbian, Butch) or masculine role. Also known as ag/aggressive or butch. This term is not appropriate for non-Black lesbians to use. Often on a spectrum from butch to femme or stud to femme (see Femme, Stud, Spectrum).¹
Survival Sex: Term for sexual activity performed in exchange for goods or services. Also known as transactional sex. Since LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people are more likely to be denied fair housing and employment, some may rely on sex to get them a place to sleep or the money they need.¹
TERF: Acronym for Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminist (pronounced “turf”). The term TERF originated online in 2008 from trans inclusive cisgender (see Cisgender) radical feminist blogger Viv Smythe. However, exclusion of trans people–especially trans womxn--from feminist organizing spaces has been gaining traction since the 1970s. TERFs primarily believe that trans womxn (see Womxn) are men trying to invade womxn’s spaces, and work aggressively to deny the existence and identity of transgender people (see Transgender, Truscum, Transmedicalism, Gatekeeping).¹
TGNC: Initialism for trans and gender nonconforming (see Gender Nonconforming). An umbrella term for people who are not cisgender (see Cisgender). It is pronounced T-G-N-C, but is more commonly written than spoken.¹
“That Person Doesn’t Look Like a Womxn/Man”: What does it mean to look like a man or womxn? There are no set criteria. Do not assume that all Trans Men strive to fit within dominant ideas of masculinity or all Trans Women strive to fit within dominant ideas of femininity, or that all Trans* (see Transgender, Pass, Cissexism/Genderism) people want to look like men or womxn (see Womxn). Gender presentation (see Gender Expression) is fluid and distinct from gender identity (see Gender Identity), and all forms of gender expression deserve affirmation.⁷⁹
“That’s Gay”: Stigmatizes gay and queer people. Uses their identities to describe something as undesirable and bad. Replaces negative adjectives with words related to LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) identities.⁷⁹
Thot: Word created to express womxn (see Womxn) or people who are sexually promiscuous. There are speculations that the word comes from the KKK organization that referred to Black womxn who were forced into prostitution (see Sex Worker).⁷⁹
Top Surgery: Surgery performed on an individual’s chest/breasts as a part of gender-affirming surgery. (See Gender-Affirming Surgery.) For AFAB people (see AFAB), this can be a chest reduction or a full removal (see Chest Masculinization). For AMAB people (see AMAB), this can be an increase in chest size using saline or silicone (see Breast Augmentation). Not all trans (see Transgender) people undergo medical interventions as part of their transition (see Transition). As with any other aspect of transition, trans people retain the right to not discuss their surgical history. Surgery does not define gender and IS NOT A REQUIREMENT to be trans or a part of the LGBTQIA+ community (see LGBTQIA+, Community, Culture, Social Identities). People who identify as trans need not have had any transition related procedures completed, nor intentions to. Self-identification determines gender identity (see Gender Identity).¹
Trans-antagonistic: Active hostility towards trans and gender-expansive (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) people with the goal of enacting harm (see Cissexism/Genderism, Oppression).¹
Trancestors: An informal term for trans elders, coming from a combination of the words “transgender” (see Transgender) and “ancestors.” The term highlights the fact that many trans people do not get to grow old, and celebrates intergenerational relationships. Trancestors can be well-known within the movement or personal to a community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities), filling a parent or grandparent-like role (see Chosen Family). Trancestors can make an impact during and after their lives, and prove that there is a long history of transgender people throughout the world.¹
Tranny: Whether or not someone identifies as trans* (see Transgender), calling anyone “tranny” is extremely offensive. While some folks (see Folx) within the trans* community (see Community, Culture, Social Identities) may choose to reclaim this word for themselves, it is not a word that is okay to use to label another person or use as a joke.⁷⁹
Transfeminine: An AMAB (see AMAB) person who is closer to femininity than masculinity (see Spectrum), but is not a binary (see Binary) womxn (see Womxn). Often abbreviated to transfem or transfemme.¹
Transgender/Trans: Often shortened to trans, from the Latin prefix for “on a different side as.” A term describing a person’s gender identity (see Gender Identity) that does not necessarily match their assigned sex at birth (see Biological Sex, AFAB, AMAB). Transgender people may or may not decide to alter their bodies hormonally and/or surgically to match their gender identity (see Gender Affirming Surgery, Hormone Blockers, Hormone Replacement Therapy). This word is also used as an umbrella term to describe groups of people who transcend conventional expectations of gender identity or expression (see Gender Identity, Gender Expression). Trans is often considered more inclusive than transgender because it includes transgender, transsexual (see Transsexual), transmasc (see Transmasculine), transfem (see Transfeminine), and those who simply use the word trans. People who identify as trans need not have had any transition related procedures completed, nor intentions to. Self-identification determines gender identity (see Gender Identity, Transmedicalism, Truscum).¹
Transmasculine: An AFAB (see AFAB) person who is closer to masculinity than femininity (see Spectrum), but is not a binary (see Binary) man. Often abbreviated to transmasc.¹
Transmedicalism: Also known as truscum (see Truscum), transmedicalists are people, both trans and cisgender (see Cisgender), who believe gender dysphoria (see Gender Dysphoria) and the desire to medically transition (see Transition) are criteria to being legitimately trans (see Transgender).¹
Transmisogyny: Misogyny (see Misogyny) directed against trans (see Transgender) and gender-expansive womxn (see Gender-Expansive, Womxn) that often manifests itself in the form of prejudice and bias (see Stereotypes).¹
Transphobia: (See Cissexsim) *Help us move away from using words like “transphobic,” “homophobic,” and “biphobic” because (1) they inaccurately describe systems of oppression (see Oppression) as well as irrational fears, and (2) for some people, phobias are a very distressing part of their lived experience and co-opting this language is disrespectful to their experiences and perpetuates ableism (see Ableism).⁷⁹
Transition: A term used to refer to the process—social, legal, and/or medical—one goes through to affirm one’s gender identity (see Gender Identity). This may, but does not always, include taking hormones; having surgeries; and changing names, pronouns (see Pronouns, Neopronouns, Assumed Pronouns, Mispronoun), identification documents, and more. Many individuals choose not to or are unable to transition for a wide range of reasons both within and beyond their control. The validity of an individual’s gender identity does not depend on any social, legal, and/or medical transition (see Transmedicalism, Truscum, Gatekeeping). The self-identification itself is what validates gender identity.¹
Transpawn: A person with one or more transgender or non-binary (see Transgender, Nonbinary) parent or caregiver. Typically, a term used for self identification only.¹
Transsexual: A term which refers to people who consider or use medical interventions such as hormone therapy or gender-affirming surgeries, also called sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or pursue medical interventions as part of the process of expressing their gender (see Gender, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Gender-Affirming Surgery). A less frequently used—and sometimes misunderstood—term (considered by some to be outdated or possibly offensive, and others to be uniquely applicable to them). Some transsexual people do not identify as transgender (see Transgender) and vice versa. Like the term queer (see Queer), due to its varying meanings, use this term only when self-identifying or quoting someone who self-identifies as transsexual.¹
Truscum (pronounced “true-scum”): Used to describe transgender (see Transgender) people who are transphobic (see Cisexism) towards those who are “less transgender” than them. For example, towards non-binary people, or transgender people who don’t desire to undergo sex reassignment surgery (see Gender Reassignment Surgery), or trans people who haven’t experienced gender dysphoria (see Gender Dysphoria). In a sense, they are TERFs (see TERF) trapped in a transgender person’s body. While originally used as an insult, the term is sometimes used as a self-description by those who consider themselves gatekeepers (see Gatekeeping) of trans, and who are otherwise known as transfundamentalists or transmedicalists (see Transmedicalism, Gatekeeping).⁸⁶
Two-Spirit: A term used within some American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) communities to refer to a person who identifies as having both a male and a female essence or spirit. The term, created in 1990 by a group of AI/AN activists at an annual Native LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) conference, encompasses sexual (see Sexuality), cultural (see Culture), gender (see Gender), and spiritual identities (see Spirituality) as well as provides unifying, positive, and encouraging language that emphasizes reconnecting to tribal traditions. Non-indigenous people do not use this term to describe identity. (With thanks to Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board [NPAIHB].)¹
T4T: Abbreviation of Trans 4 Trans. A trans or gender-expansive person (see Transgender, Gender-Expansive) who is only interested in emotional, romantic, intimate, and/or sexual partnerships with other trans people. It centers the beauty of being trans by celebrating the diversity of trans experience. T4T relationships allow trans people space from having to explain their genders or experiences to cisgender partners (see Gender, Cisgender).¹
Ugly: Word used to put down someone for the way they look, can be connected back to white supremacist, ableist (see Ableist, Internalized Oppression), sizeist standards of beauty (see Body Image, Body Policing, Social Identities, Sizeism, Oppression).⁷⁹
Vaginal Construction/Vaginoplasty (pronounced vaj-ə-nə-ˌplas-tē): A procedure in which surgeons may remove the penis and testes, if still present, and use tissues from the penis to construction the vagina, clitoris and labia.⁵ (see Gender Affirming Surgery-GAS)
Voguing: A highly stylized, modern, street-style dance, stemming from New York City ballroom culture [particularly in neighborhoods-of-color in Harlem and the Bronx] (see Culture) in the late 1980s. Vogue was created and has been nurtured by Black and Latinx LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+) people inspired by Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics, as well as poses found in Vogue Magazine.¹
Whore/Ho/Slut: Dismisses anyone seen as being “too” sexual, particularly sex workers (see Sex Worker), womxn (see Womxn), LGBTQIA+ (see LGBTQIA+ ) people and people of color (see BIPOC). Perpetuates negativity toward sex itself and regulates who is allowed to have it.⁷⁹
WLW, Women Loving Women: Refers to lesbian, bisexual (see Lesbian, Bisexual), pansexual (see Pansexual), or otherwise same-gender loving womxn (pronounced “W-L-W” or “wuh-luh-wuh”) (see Gender). Often used in communities of color (see BIPOC), this specification grew from the historical notion that any womxn (see Womxn) who had emotional, romantic, intimate, and/or sexual partnerships with womxn as lesbians. As more understandings of sexuality (see Sexuality) have come to light, WLW has largely replaced lesbian as a unifying term.¹
“What are you, REALLY?”: Asking anyone personal questions about their bodies (see Body Image, Body Policing) and/or surgeries (see Gender Affirming Surgeries) is invasive and inappropriate. We don’t ask cisgender people about what is under their clothes; don’t ask Trans* (see Transgender) people either.⁷⁹
“What is your REAL name”/”What was your name before _____?”: This implies that the person’s gender identity (see Gender Identity) and chosen name (see Chosen Name) are not “real” and perpetuates the idea of Trans (see Transgender) people as deceptive. It removes agency and any right to make decisions for themselves, and is incredibly invalidating. It presumes a right to intimate information, disregards privacy, and places Trans lives on public display.⁷⁹
Womxn: Some womxn spell the word with an “x” as a form of empowerment to move away from the “men” in the “traditional” spelling of womxn.⁷⁹
Women Who Have Sex with Women (WSW): Reports on STIs and in public health commonly use this term. Those who identify as WSW may or may not identify as members of the LGBTQIA+ community (see LGBTQIA+, Community, Culture, Social Identities).¹
“You Guys”: Erases the identities of people who are in the room. Generalizing a group of people to be masculine.⁷⁹
“You’re too femme/butch”/”You’re not femme/butch”: Gender presentation/expression (see Gender Expression, Femme, Butch) does not indicate sexual orientation (see Sexual Orientation). People have a wide range of gender expressions (see Spectrum, Gatekeeping).⁷⁹
Hope Fullness 